Vagadziri vaviri vakachinja kuedza kwakakundikana kuita chigadzirwa chakakurumbira zvikuru chakachinja indasitiri yekutakura zvinhu.
Kunyange zvazvo Howard Fielding mudiki ainyatsobata chigadzirwa chababa vake chisina kujairika mumaoko ake, aisaziva kuti danho rake rinotevera raizomuita mugadziri wefashoni. Muruoko rwake akabata jira repurasitiki rakafukidzwa nemafuro azere nemhepo. Achimhanya neminwe yake pamusoro pefirimu rinonakidza, aisagona kuramba muedzo wacho: akatanga kuburitsa mafuro - sezvanga zvichiitwa nenyika yese kubvira ipapo.
Saka Fielding, uyo aive nemakore angangoita mashanu panguva iyoyo, ndiye akava munhu wekutanga kugadzira zvinhu zvinoputira mabhuruku kuti angonakidzwa. Kugadzira uku kwakachinja indasitiri yekutakura zvinhu, kwakaunza nguva yekutengeserana kwepamhepo, uye kwakadzivirira mabhiriyoni ezvinhu zvaitumirwa pasi rese gore rega rega.
"Ndinoyeuka ndichitarisa zvinhu izvi uye pfungwa dzangu dzaive dzekuzvidzvanya," akadaro Fielding. "Ndakati ndini wekutanga kuvhura bubble wrap, asi ndine chokwadi chekuti hazvisi zvechokwadi. Vakuru vaiva nababa vangu vangangodaro vakaita izvi kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakanaka. Asi pamwe ndini ndaiva mwana wekutanga."
Akawedzera achiseka achiti, "Zvainakidza zvikuru kuvarova. Kare ikako maburi acho aive makuru, saka aiita ruzha rukuru."
Baba vaFielding, Alfred, vakagadzira bubble wrap nemumwe wavo webhizinesi, kemesitiri wekuSwitzerland, Marc Chavannes. Muna 1957, vakaedza kugadzira wallpaper ine mavara ayo aizokwezva "Beat Generation" itsva. Vakaisa zvidimbu zviviri zvejira repurasitiki rekugeza nepachivharo chekupisa uye pakutanga vakaodzwa mwoyo nemhedzisiro yacho: firimu rine mabubble mukati.
Zvisinei, vagadziri havana kuramba zvachose kukundikana kwavo. Vakagamuchira pendi yekutanga pazhinji dzemaitiro nemidziyo yekuisa zvinhu zvekushongedza nekunamira, uye vakatanga kufunga nezvemashandisirwo azvo: zvinopfuura 400 chaizvoizvo. Imwe yacho - insulation yegreenhouse - yakabviswa pabhodhi rekudhirowa, asi yakaguma yabudirira semadziro emadziro ane mavara. Chigadzirwa chacho chakaedzwa mugreenhouse uye chakawanikwa chisina kushanda.
Kuti varambe vachigadzira chigadzirwa chavo chisingawanzoitika, kambani yeBubble Wrap, Fielding naChavannes, yakavamba Sealed Air Corp. muna 1960. Gore rakatevera chete ndiro ravakasarudza kuishandisa sezvinhu zvekurongedza uye vakabudirira. IBM yakanga ichangobva kuunza 1401 (inonzi Model T muindasitiri yemakomputa) uye yaida nzira yekudzivirira michina isina kusimba panguva yekutumira. Sezvavanotaura, zvimwe zvese inhoroondo.
"Iyi ndiyo mhinduro yeIBM kudambudziko," akadaro Chad Stevens, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wezvekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva uye mainjiniya weboka rezvigadzirwa zveSealed Air. "Vanogona kudzorera makombiyuta akachengeteka uye akasimba. Izvi zvakavhura mukana wekuti mabhizinesi mazhinji atange kushandisa bubble wrap."
Makambani madiki ekurongedza zvinhu akakurumidza kushandisa tekinoroji itsva. Kwavari, kuputira zvinhu nebubble wrap chinhu chakanaka. Kare, nzira yakanakisisa yekuchengetedza zvinhu panguva yekufambisa yaive yekuputira nepepa renhau rakapwanyika. Hazvina kunaka nekuti inki yemapepanhau ekare inowanzo bvisa chigadzirwa nevanhu vanoshanda nacho. Uyezve, haipe dziviriro yakawanda kudaro.
Sezvo kuputira mabubble wrap kwakawedzera kufarirwa, Sealed Air yakatanga kugadzirwa. Chigadzirwa ichi chakasiyana muchimiro, saizi, simba uye ukobvu kuti chiwedzere mashandisirwo azvo: mabubble makuru nemadiki, mapepa akafara nemapfupi, maroll makuru nemapfupi. Panguva iyi, vanhu vakawanda vari kuwana mufaro wekuvhura homwe dzakazara nemhepo (kunyangwe Stevens anobvuma kuti "mushonga wekushushikana").
Zvisinei, kambani iyi haisati yawana purofiti. TJ Dermot Dunphy akava CEO muna 1971. Akabatsira kuwedzera kutengeswa kwegore negore kwekambani kubva pamadhora mamiriyoni mashanu mugore rake rekutanga kusvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni matatu panguva yaakasiya kambani muna 2000.
“Marc Chavannes aive nepfungwa dzakapinza uye Al Fielding aive mainjiniya wepamusoro,” akadaro Dunphy, ane makore 86 ekuberekwa, uyo achiri kushanda zuva nezuva kukambani yake yekudyara mari nekutarisira, Kildare Enterprises. “Asi hapana kana mumwe wavo aida kutungamira kambani. Vaingoda kushanda pakugadzira kwavo.”
Dunphy, uyo aive muzvinabhizinesi nekudzidziswa, akabatsira Sealed Air kugadzirisa mashandiro ayo uye kusiyanisa zvigadzirwa zvayo. Akatowedzera zita iri muindasitiri yedziva rekushambira. Zvivharo zvedziva zvekuputira mabubble zvave kufarirwa zvikuru mumakore achangopfuura. Chivharo chacho chine mapombi makuru emhepo anobatsira kubata mwaranzi yezuva uye kuchengetedza kupisa, saka mvura yedziva inoramba ichidziya isina kuburitsa mabubble emhepo. Kambani yakazopedzisira yatengesa kambani iyi.
Mudzimai waHoward Fielding, Barbara Hampton, nyanzvi yeruzivo rwemapatent, akakurumidza kutaura kuti mapatent anobvumira sei tezvara vake nemumwe wake kuita zvavanoita. Pamwe chete, vakagamuchira mapatent matanhatu pabubble wrap, mazhinji acho aine chekuita nemaitiro ekunyora nekuisa laminating purasitiki, pamwe nemidziyo inodiwa. Kutaura zvazviri, Marc Chavannes akambogamuchira mapatent maviri emafirimu ethermoplastic, asi pamwe aisafunga nezvemabubbles anobuda mupfungwa panguva iyoyo. "Patents dzinopa mukana kune vanhu vane hunyanzvi kuti vapiwe mibairo nekuda kwemazano avo," akadaro Hampton.
Nhasi uno, Sealed Air ikambani yeFortune 500 ine kutengeswa kwemadhora mabhiriyoni 4.5 muna 2017, vashandi zviuru gumi nezvishanu uye vatengi vari munyika zana nemakumi maviri nembiri. Pakutanga iri muNew Jersey, kambani iyi yakatamira kuNorth Carolina muna 2016. Kambani iyi inogadzira nekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Cryovac, purasitiki yakatetepa inoshandiswa kurongedza chikafu nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Sealed Air inotopa kurongedza kwemabubble pasina mhepo kuti itumirwe kune vatengi zvisingadhuri.
"Imhando inofefeterwa nemhepo," akadaro Stevens. "Panzvimbo pemarori makuru emhepo, tinotengesa marori efirimu akaputirwa zvakasimba ane nzira inowedzera mhepo kana zvichidikanwa. Inoshanda zvakanyanya."
© 2024 Smithsonian Magazines Chirevo Chekuchengetedzwa Kwemashoko Mutemo weMakuki Mitemo Yekushandisa Chirevo Chekushambadzira Chirevo Chekuchengetedzwa Kwemashoko Ako eMakuki
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-05-2024